As Coronavirus Spreads, U.S. Travel Providers Are Cutting Back Their Services. Here’s How That’s Impacting Transportation Workers

source：https://time.com/5802661/coronavirus-cancelations-workers/

Travel to — and throughout — the United States has rapidly dropped in recent days, driven by concerns about the spread of the novel coronavirus. On Wednesday night, President Donald Trump announced a month-long ban on most non-U.S. citizens traveling from Europe in an attempt to slow the spread of the virus — and on Saturday said the ban will extend to the United Kingdom and Ireland — although the move has been criticized as ineffective at stopping a virus that is already in the U.S.

Trump’s orders follow a widely-reported trend of people across and the U.S. (and across the world) canceling or curtailing travel plans in an attempt limit their risk of contracting COVID-19. This practice of self-isolation, known as social distancing, has already had a major impact on many major forms of mass transportation across the U.S. and internationally; here’s how’s how the travel industry is responding — across flights, trains, cruise ships and more — and what it means for the industry’s workforce.

How is the airline industry affected by coronavirus?

The airline industry has already been heavily impacted. According to OAG, a global travel data provider, the number of scheduled flights is globally down by 10% compared to the second week of March in 2019.

Many U.S. and European companies have been hit particularly hard by President Trump’s travel ban on non-U.S. citizens who have visited Europe’s Schengen Area, a collection of 26 countries that do not restrict travel amongst each other including Italy, Spain and France. Per OAG, the ban will affect passengers arriving on nearly 7,000 flights over the next month.

A spokesperson for Airlines for America, a trade association and lobbying group that represents major U.S. airlines, told TIME in a statement on Friday that, “We respect President Trump’s decision to take action to prevent the spread of the virus as our top priority is – and always will be – the safety and well-being of all passengers and crew. However, the government-imposed travel restrictions have triggered rapid and severe damage to the airline industry.”
represents major U.S. airlines,代表美国主要航空公司

U.S. airlines directly employ 750,000 workers; the industry as a whole supports 10 million jobs. “The economic impact on U.S. airlines, their employees, travelers and the shipping public is staggering,” the spokesperson continues. New flight bookings for the next 90 days are down by 65-75%.
staggering  令人惊愕的
flight attendants 空乘

The flight attendant’s union the Association of Flight Attendants-CWA (AFA-CWA) told TIME on Friday that they’ve seen a general reduction in the availability of flight hours but have not yet been made aware of any involuntary furloughs. However, flight attendants are generally paid by the hour, and that drop could be costly.

Sara Nelson, the International President of the Association of Flight Attendants-CWA — which represents 50,000 flight attendants at 20 airlines — explains to TIME that 80% of flight attendants in the industry are organized, and that their contracts provide pay protections that help mitigate schedule loss. However, most flight attendants work more hours than such pay protections account for, and depend on the income from those extra hours.
contracts 合同

Nelson also told TIME that the AFA-CWA has worked with airlines to secure contractual pay protection in the current months’ schedule and has worked with management of multiple airlines to determine how much voluntary, unpaid leave they’ll offer. Nelson says that flight attendants will still have their health insurance while on leave, “which is critically important as we’re facing this pandemic.” Flight attendants on leave will also maintain their seniority.

  

Departure lounge at Ruzyne – Vaclav Havel Airport, Prague, Czech Republic.

 

aviation-images.com/Universal Images Group—Getty Images

The Air Line Pilots Association, a union that represents over 63,000 pilots, tweeted on March 11, “ALPA’s Air Safety Organization is closely monitoring the 2019 novel #coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and will continue to meet regularly and provide timely information to our pilot groups as the situation progresses.”

Delta Airlines

The airline most affected by the the U.S.-Schengen area travel ban will be Delta Airlines, which was scheduled to fly 17% of flights affected by Trump’s ban, per OAG. On Friday, Delta CEO Ed Bastian said in a memo to all Delta employees world-wide that the company would reduce an unprecedented 40% of its overall capacity over the next few months — parking up to 300 aircrafts. This will be the largest reduction in the company’s history, including 9/11.
in a memo 在一个备忘录中
scheduled to fly  原定要飞行的

Bastian also said Delta would immediately offer voluntary short-term unpaid leave and institute a company-wide hiring freeze. It also will reportedly reduce its use of consultants and contractors.
consultants and contractors. 顾问和承包商

“Through this unprecedented and evolving business environment in the COVID-19 pandemic, Delta’s values remain stronger than ever. This includes taking care of our people and letting our values lead. To that end, we are offering employees the voluntary option to take a 30, 60 or 90-day unpaid leave while retaining full benefits and enhanced travel privileges including confirmed flights,” a Delta spokesperson told TIME on Saturday.
taking care of our people 照顾我们的员工

The AFA-CWA’s Nelson told TIME on Friday that Delta is the only major airline whose flight attendants are not unionized, and she’s concerned what this could mean for workers.

United Airlines

United Airlines is the second-most affected by the ban; it was scheduled to operate 14% of affected flights, per OAG. The airline was also one of the first to take drastic action because of the spread of the virus. On March 4, United announced it would reportedly offer voluntary, unpaid leave for U.S. based employees, would institute a hiring freeze and postpone salary increases.
postpone 推迟

On Tuesday, United announced that it would cut 20 percent of its flights indefinitely until demand increases, according to The Washington Post. Its CEO and president will also reportedly forgo their base salaries through June. United President Scott Kirby said that airline’s domestic net books are down 70% as of Tuesday, per ABC News.
forgo

“We are reviewing our flight and crew schedules to comply with the administration’s travel restrictions,” United told TIME in a statement sent on Thursday, March 12. “As always, we will continue to provide our customers and employees with the very latest information as it develops.”

American Airlines

American Airlines is the fourth most affected by the U.S.-Schengen ban, per OAG, and announced on Thursday that it would suspend multiple routes to Europe and South America through May. When asked for comment, American Airlines referred TIME to a letter sent to all its team members on Thursday night, which announced that the company would suspend all hiring and leadership moves, postpone pay increases, and offer extended unpaid, voluntary leaves of absence. The letter also said that American Airlines is extending a two-week paid sick policy for all team members who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 or are quarantined.
paid sick policy带薪病假政策

Many other U.S. and European airline companies have been hurt by the threat of COVID-19. The German company Lufthansa is the third most affected by the U.S.-Schengen Area travel ban, for example. But even before Trump’s announcement, the airline had already canceled 23,000 flights between March 29 and April 24.

“Our primary goal is to keep as many of our employees on board as possible,” a Lufthansa spokesperson told TIME in an emailed statement. “The extremely urgent decisions on reduced working hours are an important milestone in this regard… The Lufthansa Group has launched an extensive savings program. This includes an immediate hiring freeze, as well as cost reductions in personnel, material and project costs. We are using all available means to secure our liquidity.”
extremely urgent decisions 非常紧急的决定
in this regard在这方面

On Thursday, Norwegian Air also announced it would suspend over 4,000 flights and implement temporary layoffs of up to 50% of their employees. Norwegian did not respond to TIME’s request for comment as to what would happen to its workers.

President Trump Declares National Emergency As Coronavirus Pandemic Grows

source:https://www.krcc.org/post/watch-trump-discuss-coronavirus-amid-growing-crisis-scrutiny-his-response

接昨日上文

Two types of declarations

The money freed up Friday by the president’s declaration will be in addition to the $8.3 billion provided by an emergency spending bill Trump signed on March 6 — and is aside from a new relief package negotiated with House Democrats to cover the costs of testing, paid leave and other economic assistance for people affected by the disruption caused by the pandemic.
in addition to此外 
relief 救济
paid leave 带薪休假
costs of testing, 支付测试费用

Trump his authority under the Stafford Act to make the nationwide emergency determination, and encouraged governors and tribal leaders to request a “major disaster” declaration as well, which would free up even more assistance. Stafford Act powers are more typically used during natural disasters like hurricanes, but were also used in during the outbreak of West Nile virus in 2000 to help the states of New York and New Jersey.
encouraged governors and tribal leaders 鼓励州长和部落领袖

The Stafford Act declaration activates the Federal Emergency Management Agency, which can help with technical, financial and logistical relief. FEMA could, for instance, facilitate the distribution of coronavirus tests, medications and food or even bring in tents for hospitals treating an overload of patients if it gets to that point.
tents 帐篷
logistical 后勤

Trump also declared a national emergency under the National Emergencies Act. This, in conjunction with the public health emergency already declared in January, provides regulatory relief that can help the response. For instance, this allows agencies to waive licensing requirements so medical professionals can cross state lines to assist in areas of greatest need.
waive 免除

Using the authority, his administration issued a blanket ban on visitors to all nursing homes across the country to protect people most vulnerable to the virus, a step officials said would be painful for families, but was necessary.
issued a blanket ban 发布了全面禁令
nursing homes 养老院

Student loans, oil reserves

Trump took other steps too. He said he would waive interest on federal student loans until further notice using executive action.   And he said the government would take advantage of depressed crude oil prices and buy oil for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. “We’re going to fill it right to the top,” Trump said.
further notice进一步的通知

Trump also raised the possibility of expanding a ban on travelers from most parts of Europe by adding the United Kingdom. The UK had been exempt from the action Trump announced Wednesday night, but has since seen more cases of the virus.

Trump plans to host a videoconference for leaders of G7 nations next week to discuss the pandemic, the White House said on Friday night.
videoconference 视频会议

Trump also said he will “most likely” get tested for coronavirus himself. Trump had posed for a picture last weekend at his Florida residence with a member of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro’s delegation. That aide has since tested positive for the coronavirus.
aide 助手

NPR’s Barbara Sprunt, Lexie Schapitl and Shannon Bond contributed to this story.

President Trump Declares National Emergency As Coronavirus Pandemic Grows

source:https://www.krcc.org/post/watch-trump-discuss-coronavirus-amid-growing-crisis-scrutiny-his-response

President Trump on Friday declared that the coronavirus pandemic is a national emergency, a designation that frees up as much as $50 billion in federal assistance to state and local governments overwhelmed by the spread of the virus, and makes it easier to surge medical resources to areas that need them most.
overwhelmed by the spread of the virus被病毒传播淹没的

After weeks of criticism over a shortage of diagnostic tests for the virus, Trump and his officials worked to assure anxious Americans that it would soon be easy for people showing symptoms to get tested, describing a surge in test production, and a website that would direct people to drive-through test sites set up in Walmart parking lots.
direct 指导人们

Markets rose as Trump spoke in the White House Rose Garden for more than an hour at the end of a week marked by school closures, sports event cancellations, directives to work from home, and cleared-out store shelves as people rush to stockpile basic goods.

“This will pass,” Trump declared, “this will pass through and we’re going to be even stronger for it.”

Trump thanked Google for helping to develop a website, saying it would be “very quickly done, unlike websites of the past” — a veiled shot at the healthcare.gov insurance website started by the former Obama administration, which was marred by extensive problems when it launched. “We’ll be announcing locations probably on Sunday night,” he said.
veiled shot 影射Obama政府
marred 损坏

Deborah Birx, a scientist who is part of the White House task force on the pandemic, brandished a flow chart to announce “this new approach to testing” that she said was “facilitated by Google” to help screen patients and direct them to testing sites.
facilitated 促成 便利
facilitated by Google Google促成
screen patients 筛查患者
direct them to testing sites. 指导他们前往测试点

But after the announcement, Google said its life sciences division, called Verily, was only in the “early stages” of rolling a website in California’s Bay Area.
life sciences division 生命科学部门

Asked about the discrepancy, a White House official told NPR: “The Trump administration is working with Google to develop a website Americans can go to determine whether a test is needed and, if so, facilitate testing at a nearby location. We expect to have more details in the days ahead.”
determine 确定 判断

Trump rebuffed critics of his administration’s response, saying he inherited a system that wasn’t able to respond quickly enough. Asked whether he took responsibility for the lag in making tests available for the coronavirus. Trump responded, “I don’t take responsibility at all.”
rebuffed 拒绝

Trump also said he was not responsible for dismantling a pandemic office inside the White House National Security Council, scolding a reporter for asking what he called “a nasty question.”

“I didn’t do it,” he said. “I don’t know anything about it.”

Trump Suspends All Travel From Europe For 30 Days To Combat COVID-19

source:https://www.krcc.org/post/trump-set-deliver-address-coronavirus-deemed-pandemic

害，已经写好了，但是不小心保存了错误的草稿，又需要重写一遍。.

President Trump announced a total ban on travel from European countries to the United States for the next 30 days, beginning on Friday at midnight, in a bid “to keep new cases” of coronavirus “from entering our shores.” The restrictions, he said late Wednesday, do not apply to travelers from the United Kingdom.
restrictions限制

Homeland Security officials said the travel restrictions would only apply to foreign nationals, not American citizens or legal permanent residents, who have been in the Schengen region, 26 countries in Europe with open borders agreements, in the last 14 days. After Trump’s announcement, the State Department issued an advisory informing U.S. citizens to “reconsider travel abroad” as a result of outbreaks around the globe.
legal permanent residents, 合法永久居民
advisory 咨询 顾问

Trump also announced economic measures that he said would help the country overcome “temporary economic disruptions” caused by the disease.

The president’s primetime remarks Wednesday cap a concerted effort by the White House to calm a public made jittery by the rapid global spread of the disease and the concomitant economic turmoil. Indeed, globally, the number of cases of coronavirus has exceeded 125,000, with more than 1,000 of those reported in the United States, where the outbreak is expected to get worse.
concomitant economic turmoil.  随之而来的经济动荡
calm a public made jittery 平息公众恐慌
primetime remarks 黄金时段讲话   remark评论 将会

Trump’s address followed a Wednesday announcement by the World Health Organization, which classified the outbreak a pandemic. In Washington, lawmakers scrambled to find ways to contain the economic fallout of the fast-spreading virus.
scrambled 争先恐后的
contain限制

“This is the most aggressive and comprehensive effort to confront a foreign virus in modern history,” Trump said Wednesday night.
aggressive积极的 气势汹汹

“I am confident that by counting and continuing to take these tough measures, we will significantly reduce the threat to our citizens and we will ultimately and expeditiously defeat this virus,” he added.
expeditiously 迅速地

Trump explained the travel restrictions will be adjusted “subject to conditions on the ground.”
subject to conditions on the ground.根据

Global health experts expressed skepticism to NPR over the Trump administration’s travel restrictions, saying the move is not likely to hasten the containment of the virus.
experts expressed skepticism专家表示怀疑
hasten

“The president, counter to nearly all expert opinion, continues to treat the smaller number of known cases here (due to inadequate testing) as if it means we actually have a small number of cases and need to focus on keeping cases out,” said Marc Lipsitch, an epidemiologist at Harvard University. “Now we should be racing to mitigate spread in the U.S., not wasting resources on keeping cases out.”
as if 似乎
mitigate 减轻

Jennifer Nuzzo, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health and Security, was equally as dubious.
was equally as dubious.同样表示怀疑

“We have limited resources and need to stay focused on liming domestic spread,” Nuzzo said, cautioning that if the restrictions will require additional screening and monitoring of foreign nationals entering the U.S. then “this will undoubtedly divert resources from protecting vulnerable populations, like the elderly and individuals with underlying health issues.”
vulnerable 容易受伤的 脆弱的

Lawrence Gostin, a global health law professor at Georgetown University, put his assessment more bluntly: “It may have political value but [it] has zero public health value.”

Gostin continued: “Most of Europe has the same or fewer cases than the U.S. Restricting travel certainly won’t make America safer.”
certainly 当然的

Newcrest cuts output guidance as global fears send gold price soaring

source: https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/newcrest-cuts-output-guidance-as-global-fears-send-gold-price-soaring-20200311-p5491j.html

Newcrest, Australia’s largest gold miner, has cut its full-year gold production forecast after confronting difficult mining conditions at its Lihir mine in Papua New Guinea.

Compounded by the underperformance of its Telfer mine in Western Australia, the problems at Lihir prompted Newcrest to warn the market it now expected to produce between 2.1 billion and 2.2 billion ounces of gold this financial year, down from a forecast of between 2.38 billion to 2.54 billion ounces it gave on January 30.

The production downgrade comes at an inopportune time for the ASX-listed gold miner, with the price of the precious metal in Australian dollars close to a record high. Australian-denominated gold on Wednesday was hovering around $2500 an ounce, as investors sought a safe haven from the economic uncertainty caused by the coronavirus outbreak and the dramatic fall in the oil price.
sought a safe haven 寻找一个安全的避风港

Newcrest chief executive Sandeep Biswas said increased gold production at its Cadia mine in NSW and Red Chris mine in Canada’s British Columbia would not be enough to offset the shortfalls at Lihir and Telfer.

While the divestment of Newcrest’s Gosowong mine in Indonesia was a contributing factor, the miner’s output downgrade was largely due to the challenging mining conditions faced at Lihir, located in an extinct but geothermally active volcanic crater on an island 900 kilometres north-east of Port Morseby.
an extinct but geothermally active volcanic crater 一个已灭绝但是地热活跃的火山口
divestment 撤资

Mr Biswas said output at Lihir, usually one of Newcrest’s top-producing mines, will now come in between 775,000 and 825,000 ounces.

“Lihir has been challenged by difficult mining and geothermal conditions, leading to a sub-optimal blend of ore feed to the plant,” Mr Biswas said.
sub-optimal 不够理想

“Operating improvements planned at Lihir for the remainder of the 2020 financial year will be insufficient to address its shortfall in production.”
address its shortfall in production.解决生产不足的问题

Following the production outlook downgrade, shares in Newcrest slumped 8.6 per cent on Wednesday to $26.63
share有股票的意思

Analysts on Wednesday said Newcrest’s latest exploration results, including at Canada’s Red Chris, highlight “significant mineralisation with solid grades”. However, the main takeaway was the 8 per cent downgrade to guidance, they said.

“It appears the downgrade is driven by lower grades at Lihir, where access to ex-pit ore has been delayed due to difficult mining and geothermal conditions that requires re-sequencing,” analyst Paul Hissey of the Royal Bank of Canada said.
lower grades 品味低？

Title： U.S. Added 273,000 Jobs Last Month, But Economists Brace For Coronavirus Impact

source：https://www.krcc.org/post/us-added-273000-jobs-last-month-economists-brace-coronavirus-impact

Fear of the coronavirus doesn’t appear to have infected the U.S. job market yet, despite sending shivers through Wall Street.
despite 尽管
shiver 颤抖

A new report from the Labor Department says employers added 273,000 jobs in February — the same as in January. The February increase was about 100,000 more than private analysts had forecast. The unemployment rate dipped to 3.5%, matching a 50-year low.
employers 雇主
private analysts 私人分析师

Job gains for December and January were revised up by a total of 85,000.

The evident resilience in the jobs report may be an artifact of timing. The report is based on surveys conducted three weeks ago, before the sharp jump in reports of coronavirus cases outside of China, where the outbreak began.
这个显然的弹性(这里可能是说从12+1月份的85000到二月份的激增)，也许是时间缘故。这份报告在两周前调查，（当时的时间）在新冠状病毒开始全球蔓延之前

“The February jobs report showed remarkably healthy labor market fundamentals prior to the coronavirus outbreak,” said Gregory Daco of Oxford Economics. “But while strong employment and steady wage gains have boosted consumers‘ immune system, the virus is all but certain to infect their willingness to spend.”
remarkably healthy       adv+adj  显然健康的
But while 但是尽管、但是虽然     表达转折
willingness to spend       消费的意愿

He warned that business and consumer caution about the virus is likely to weigh on job growth in the months to come.
weigh on job growth拖累工作增长

The pace of hiring in February was higher than the previous three months, in which employers added an average of 239,000 jobs. But there was little sign of the coronavirus contagion that’s triggered a widespread selloff in the stock market.
The pace of hiring   招聘的速度
little sign of the 几乎没有迹象（信号、标志）
contagion 传染 

The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped nearly 970 points on Thursday and was down about 500 points Friday morning. The blue chip index has fallen about 13% from its peak in early February. The S&P 500 index and the Nasdaq have each tumbled more than 10% from their recent highs. Futures markets point to further declines on Friday.
Futures markets 期货市场

U.S. construction companies continued to expand in February, adding 42,000 workers. Construction has gotten a boost in recent months from higher-than-usual temperatures and lower-than-usual interest rates. The rate on an average, 30-year mortgage fell to an all-time low this week: 3.29%.
construction companies 建筑公司
fell to an all-time low 降低到历史最低

The hospitality business has been growing rapidly, adding tens of thousands of jobs in recent months, and that trend continued in February with 51,000 new jobs. That growth could slow, however, as fear about the spreading coronavirus discourages travel and tourism.

The retail, transportation and warehouse industries showed modest job declines in February.
modest 适当的 谦逊的

Manufacturers, who are especially sensitive to global shocks like coronavirus, added 15,000 jobs in February after cutting a revised 20,000 jobs the month before.

A survey of manufacturers released earlier this week showed factory activity expanded in February, albeit slowly. Many of the survey respondents said the coronavirus outbreak is playing havoc with their suppliers in China.
suppliers in China.中国的供应商

Analysts warn that a shortage of parts from that country is likely to get worse before it gets better. While Chinese factories that were shuttered by the outbreak have begun to reopen, most are not operating anywhere close to capacity.

“Some of the delays caused by this [will] only materialize as that works its way through the supply chain,” said Shawn DuBravac, chief economist for IPC, an association of electronics manufacturers. “It could be April and May when we actually see some of that delay materialize.”

Governments added 45,000 workers in February. About 7,000 of those were temporary census employees, but the largest share were state educators.

The share of American adults who are working or looking for work was unchanged last month.
这里share 是比例的意思

Average wages have increased 3% over the past year, a slight deceleration from the previous month.

source: CET-6 2018-12

The public must be able to understand the basics of science to make informed decisions. Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors, not the least of which is a breakdown in the transmission of fundamental climate data to the general public, has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research.
make informed decisions. 做出明智的选择
negative consequences负面影响(后果)
a variety of各种各样的
contributed to widespread mistrust导致了普遍的的不信任

The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of science (or the lack of it) can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation, science policy and research funding.

However, the importance of effective communication with a general audience is not limited to hot issues like climate change. It is also critical for socially charged neuroscience issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior, the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, or the use of animal models, areas where the public understanding of science can also influence policy and funding decisions. Furthermore, with continuing advances in individual genome (基因组) sequencing and the advent of personalized medicine, more non-scientists will need to be comfortable analyzing complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of life.
genetic 遗传的
particular 特定的
individual genome (基因组) sequencing个人基因组测序

Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public. Much has been written about how the relationship between scientists and the media can shape the efficient transmission of scientific advances to the public. Good science journalists are specialists in making complex topics accessible to a general audience, while adhering to scientific accuracy.

Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material to the point that the basic information conveyed is obscured or at worst, obviously wrong. The impact of a basic discovery on human health can be exaggerated so that the public thinks a miraculous cure is a few months to years away when in reality the significance of the study is far more limited.

Even though scientists play a part in transmitting information to journalists and ultimately the public, too often the blame for ineffective communication is placed on the side of the journalists. We believe, that at least part of the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media, and exists because for one thing we underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences, and for another most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.

The University of Sydney said it is considering a range of options to mitigate risks.
mitigate 减轻

“These include provisions for increased cleaning and sanitiser stations, use of masks, online teaching and meetings, flexibility and support for staff and students, cancellation of larger events, daily monitoring of our community and more – depending on how the situation ultimately unfolds,” a university spokeswoman said.
ultimately unfolds 最终发展
cancellation of larger events取消大型活动         cancellation取消

“We will continue to adhere to the advice of health authorities, and take any further required actions as directed by NSW Health. The safety and wellbeing of our community is our highest priority.”
We will continue to adhere 我们将会继续采取
any further required 任何进一步的措施

Another university said online learning would be restricted because not all faculties could maintain the same level of quality without face-to-face teaching.

A Western Sydney University spokesman said: “Above all else, this is a public health issue, and we are following the advice of the Chief Medical Officer, and Commonwealth and State authorities.”
Above all else

Australian Catholic University said it was considering a number of options in the event of an outbreak including flexibility around class and exam timetabling and online course delivery.
a number of 多种

Universities Australia chief executive Catriona Jackson said each university would have developed its own approach with measures and actions “appropriate for its unique circumstances”.
appropriate for its unique circumstances  适合其独特情况

A TAFE NSW spokesman said it would look at changes to the delivery of courses “in the event of extended disruption to operations” as a result of the coronavirus.

The essay on my English Reading Serise is source form the recent CET-6, and i realize that i will loss the opportunity to practice for next CET-6.If i always select the article in CET-6.So,I want to change the source of article.

University closures on the table in response to potential coronavirus outbreaks

大学停课应对潜在的新冠状病毒爆发

source:https://www.smh.com.au/national/university-closures-on-the-table-in-response-to-potential-coronavirus-outbreaks-20200302-p545ze.html

One of Australia’s largest universities is preparing for a full or partial closure of its campus if a major coronavirus outbreak occurs in Sydney.
full or partial 全部或部分

The closure option proposed by the University of Technology Sydney is among a number of strategies being discussed in the higher education sector, already suffering from the virus through the absence of foreign students particularly from China.

already suffering from the virus through the absence of foreign students particularly from China.这句话不知道如何拆分

propose 提出
education sector教育部门

Phil Honeywood, who chairs the global reputation taskforce co-ordinating the federal government and education sector’s response to the coronavirus, said Japan had set a precedent by closing its schools in response to local outbreaks.

“There is ample precedent for some temporary closure of institutions whether schools or post-secondary to mitigate or reduce the spread of the virus,” he said.

3.3

The University of Sydney said it is considering a range of options to mitigate risks.

“These include provisions for increased cleaning and sanitiser stations, use of masks, online teaching and meetings, flexibility and support for staff and students, cancellation of larger events, daily monitoring of our community and more – depending on how the situation ultimately unfolds,” a university spokeswoman said.

“We will continue to adhere to the advice of health authorities, and take any further required actions as directed by NSW Health. The safety and wellbeing of our community is our highest priority.”

Another university said online learning would be restricted because not all faculties could maintain the same level of quality without face-to-face teaching.

A Western Sydney University spokesman said: “Above all else, this is a public health issue, and we are following the advice of the Chief Medical Officer, and Commonwealth and State authorities.”

Australian Catholic University said it was considering a number of options in the event of an outbreak including flexibility around class and exam timetabling and online course delivery.

Universities Australia chief executive Catriona Jackson said each university would have developed its own approach with measures and actions “appropriate for its unique circumstances”.

A TAFE NSW spokesman said it would look at changes to the delivery of courses “in the event of extended disruption to operations” as a result of the coronavirus.

Perhaps it is time for farmers to put their feet up now that robots are used to inspect crops, dig up weeds, and even have become shepherds, too. Commercial growing fields are astronomically huge and take thousands of man-hours to operate. One prime example is one of Australia’s most isolated cattle stations, Suplejack Downs in the Northern Territory, extending across 4,000 square kilometers, taking over 13 hours to reach by car from the nearest major town—Alice Springs.

The extreme isolation of these massive farms leaves them often unattended, and monitored only once or twice a year, which means if the livestock falls ill or requires assistance, it can be a long time for farmers to discover.
unattended 不可到达的
livestock 家畜

However, robots are coming to the rescue.

Robots are currently under a two-year trial in Wales which will train ‘farmbots’ to herd, monitor the health of livestock, and make sure there is enough pasture for them to graze on. The robots are equipped with many sensors to identify conditions of the environment, cattle and food, using thermal and vision sensors that detect changes in body temperature.
a two-year trial 两年试用期
pasture 牧场
graze 放牧

“You’ve also got color, texture and shape sensors looking down at the ground to check pasture quality,” says Salah Sukkarieh of the University of Sydney, who will carry out trials on several farms in central New South Wales.

During the trials, the robot algorithms (算法) and mechanics will be fine-tuned to make it better suited to ailing livestock and ensure it safely navigates around potential hazards including trees, mud, swamps, and hills.
fine-tune 微调
swamps 沼泽

“We want to improve the quality of animal health and make it easier for farmers to maintain large landscapes where animals roam free,” says Sukkarieh.

The robots are not limited to herding and monitoring livestock. They have been created to count individual fruit, inspect crops, and even pull weeds.
crops 庄稼

Many robots are equipped with high-tech sensors and complex learning algorithms to avoid injuring humans as they work side by side. The robots also learn the most efficient and safest passages, and allow engineers and farmers to analyze and better optimize the attributes and tasks of the robot, as well as provide a live stream giving real-time feedback on exactly what is happening on the farms.
exactly 究竟、准确、恰好

Of course, some worry lies in replacing agricultural workers. However, it is fanners that are pushing for the advancements due to ever-increasing labor vacancies, making it difficult to maintain large-scale operations.

The robots have provided major benefits to farmers in various ways, from hunting and pulling weeds to monitoring the condition of every single fruit. Future farms will likely experience a greater deal of autonomy as robots take up more and more farm work efficiently.
take up work承担工作